Lehmans laws, such as the notion that change is continuous, describe a number of insights derived from longterm studies of system evolution. Reconciling environment integration and software evolution. Architectural decay is caused by repeated, sometimes careless changes to a system during its lifespan. Architecture based evolution of software systems l. Economicsdriven software development can increase quality, productivity, and profitability, but.
The software architecturebased development model leads to software reuse, and reusability provides software engineers with a number of measurable benefits. The article describes an infrastructure supporting two simultaneous processes in selfadaptive software. Acm transactions on software engineering and methodology. Automated planning for software architecture evolution. Economicsdriven software development can increase quality, productivity, and profitability, but comprehensive knowledge is. Selfadaptive software requires high dependability robustness, adaptability, and availability. In international journal of software engineering and knowledge engineering, vol. Currently this is a difficult task, particularly when an information system is deeply embedded in an organisations business processes.
Economicsdriven software architecture presents a guide for engineers and architects who need to understand the economic impact of architecture design decisions. Taylor, dennis heimbigner, gregory johnson, nenad medvidovic. In this thesis, we study evolution of software architecture and investigate ways to support. Applications seaa, componentbased software engineering. From its very inception, the study of software architecture has recognized architectural decay as a regularly occurring phenomenon in longlived systems. Software architecture reflects important decisions on structure, used technology and resources. At the same time, the method of contribution analysis of the component in the process of reliabilityoriented software evolution is proposed. Towards a knowledgebased approach to architectural. Each view addresses a set of system concerns, following the conventions of its viewpoint, where a viewpoint is a specification that describes the notations, modeling, and analysis techniques to use in a view that expresses the architecture. Architecturebased approaches for runtime evolution enable software systems to dynamically move between consistent architectural variants. The software architecture must evolve in order to tackle such changes. Architecturebased tools, techniques, and methods john georgas, eric dashofy. The protocol description is organized in 3 sections as follows. Architecturebased planning of software evolution core.
A reconfiguration language for distributed systems. In fact, a reference architecture for one subject area can be a specialization of a more general reference architecture in another subject area. In software engineering, software evolution is referred to as the process of developing, maintaining and updating software for various reasons. Pdf software architectures must frequently evolve to cope with changing. Sa not only guides the development of software as a blueprint, but also play an important role in at least six aspects of software development. As customers and constructors have their own views in a particular subject, the architecture should solve it in a unique manner by covering all of them. Architecturecentric software evolution 1, 6, 10 allows an appropriate abstraction to model, analyze and execute software evolution in a controllable and manageable fashion. Soa migration horseshoe 15 in architecture evolution, which provides us a foundation to discuss the technical details of the patevol framework in section 3. Shehe defines evolution plans for new andor violated requirements that.
A client is a logical portion of an sap r3 physical database. Architecturebased analysis of changes in information. Planning for buildings and complexity behind this will be interrelated in civil engineering. Despite decays prevalence, there is a relative dearth of empirical data regarding the nature of architectural changes that may lead to. Software architecture building evolutionary architectures book. An architecturebased approach to software evolution 1998. We present an architecturebased approach to runtime software evolution and highlight the role of software connectors in supporting runtime change. Runtime software architecture based software evolution and. Architecturebased runtime software evolution proceedings of the. A language and environment for architecturebased software. Architecturebased runtime software evolution ieee conference. Architecturebased assessment and planning of software. With sap r3, sap ushers in a new generation of enterprise software from mainframe computing clientserver architecture to the threetier architecture of database, application, and user interface.
During software evolution change requests have to be implemented in a way that the software maintains its quality, as various potential implementations of a specific. Architecture decisions influence to a large extent requirements on software quality. Managing and planning adaptations is done at the architectural level, independent of the application semantics. Also approaches to architecturebased project planning e. Similarly, architecturebased software evolution planning makes planned evolution possible by allowing us to make many decisions about the evolution of a software system and to analyze its evolution at the level of architecture design before software evolution is realized. Managing the evolution of a software architecture at minimal cost. Architecturebased design software architecture is not just a phase or an activity in the software development life cycle, but a discipline pervading all phases of development. Architecturecentricsoftware evolution by software metrics. Maisa metrics for analysis and improvement of software architectures is a currently ongoing project developing methods and tools for architecturebased measurement. According to the various components will play a different role in the systems reliability evolution, software architecture reliability is analyzed by architecturebased software reliability model in this paper. Dissertation, university of california, irvine, december 1998. This paper proposes an approach for a continuous modelbased monitoring and semiautomatic evaluation of software architectures, meant to support the architecturebased evolution of software systems at various abstraction levels. A framework for acquisition and application of software.
Software architecture developers have long struggled to coin a succinct, concise. Bhave, ivan ruchkin, bruce krogh, david garlan, andre platzer and bradley schmerl. Similarly, architecturebased software evolution planning makes planned evolution possible by allowing us to make many decisions about the evolution of a software system and to analyze its. Architecturebased design institute for software research. Contribution analysis of the component in the process of. Lehman s laws of software evolution semantic scholar. Modelling changes and data transfers for architecture.
A framework for classifying and comparing architecture. An interviewbased case study in software architecture evolution jeffrey m. Business processes as well as software systems face various changes during their lifetime. The unified software development process is representative of a number of architecturebased development models that have been proposed in the industry.
In contrast, our investigation incorporates risks explicitly identified in planning and experienced during the evolution of software architecture, based on input directly from software architects. The level of abstraction provided in a reference architecture is a function of its intended usage. Section 2 gives a general overview of the research methodology. In international journal of software engineering and knowledge engineering, 2014. Barnes institute for software research, carnegie mellon university email. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learningbased approach to online planning in architecturebased selfmanagement. How should we stage the evolution to achieve business goals in the presence of limited. Software architectures present a high level view of a system, enabling developers to abstract away the irrelevant details and focus on the big picture. Successful runtime evolution must enable the new, replacement variant to be initialized with the data of the replaced one. An interviewbased case study in software architecture. Architecturebased assessment and planning of software changes in information and automated production systems. The variety of these changes makes architecture evolution management complex because all architecture. Architectural refactoring a taskcentric view on software evolution.
This paper presents an architecturebased approach to. An initial implementation of a tool suite for supporting the runtime modification of software architectures, called archstudio, is presented. In addition to managing daytoday maintenance, information system managers need to be able to predict and plan the longerterm evolution of software systems on an objective, quantified basis. Thus, to adequately predict the change impact, it is important to consider the complex mutual dependencies of both domains. During software evolution change requests have to be imple.
T o provide a complete tool suite to build, deploy and re. Architecturebased assessment and planning of change. Our approach is based on modeling and analyzing potential evolution. Software architectures are subject to several types of change during the software lifecycle e. A language and environment for architecturebased software development and evolution. An architecturebased approach to selfadaptive software peyman oreizy, michael m.
In particular, architects have almost no assistance in reasoning about questions such as. So, software architecture can exist in different phases of the whole software lifecycle christine 2000. The abacus architectural approach to software, system and. In online planning, a software system can autonomously derive mappings between environmental changes and software con. Architecturebased specificationtime software evolution. Modelbased software architecture evolution and evaluation. Software architecture descriptions are commonly organized into views, which are analogous to the different types of blueprints made in building architecture. The process of software evolution is driven by requests for changes and includes change impact analysis, release planning and change implementation. Software architecture allows us to make many decisions about a software system and analyze it even before it has been implemented, so as to make planned development possible. A largescale study of architectural evolution in open. Taylor appeared in the proceedings of the international conference on software engineering 1998 icse98.
Risks and risk management in software architecture. As they mutually influence each other, business processes and software systems have to be modified in coevolution. Architecturebased analysis of complex systems abacus the abacus architectural approach to software, system and enterprise evolution by dr tim oneill university of technology, sydney uts and avolution pty ltd the abacus architectural approach to computerbased system and enterprise evolution saturn05 pittsburgh, pa, usa. How is longterm planning possible when everything changes all the time. Work on change impact analysis in software systems covers taskbased project planning, architecturebased project planning, architecturebased software evolution, scenariobased software architecture analysis, and change impact analysis approaches for generic artifacts.
Architecturebased runtime software evolution peyman oreizy nenad medvidovic richard n. Such models usually describe systems in terms of components, connectors, and the interconnections between them 11. In section 1 we discuss background and justify our study. An architecturebased approach to selfadaptive software. Architecturebased change impact analysis in information.
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